Advancing Precision Medicine in Myocarditis: Current Status and Future Perspectives in Endomyocardial Biopsy-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutic Approaches.
Christian BaumeierDominik HarmsGanna AleshchevaUlrich GrossFelicitas EscherHeinz-Peter SchultheissPublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2023)
The diagnosis and specific and causal treatment of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy remain a major clinical challenge. Despite the rapid development of new imaging techniques, endomyocardial biopsies remain the gold standard for accurate diagnosis of inflammatory myocardial disease. With the introduction and continued development of immunohistochemical inflammation diagnostics in combination with viral nucleic acid testing, myocarditis diagnostics have improved significantly since their introduction. Together with new technologies such as miRNA and gene expression profiling, quantification of specific immune cell markers, and determination of viral activity, diagnostic accuracy and patient prognosis will continue to improve in the future. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathies and highlight future perspectives for more in-depth and specialized biopsy diagnostics and precision, personalized medicine approaches.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- nucleic acid
- ultrasound guided
- sars cov
- high resolution
- genome wide
- healthcare
- heart failure
- palliative care
- gene expression
- optical coherence tomography
- transcription factor
- copy number
- combination therapy
- molecularly imprinted
- genome wide identification
- replacement therapy
- loop mediated isothermal amplification