Monocyte and macrophage subtypes as paired cell biomarkers for coronary artery disease.
Kathryn A ArnoldJohn E BlairJonathan D PaulAtman P ShahSandeep NathanFrancis J AlenghatPublished in: Experimental physiology (2019)
Monocytes and macrophages are central to atherosclerosis, but how they combine to mark progression of human coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear. We tested whether patients' monocyte subtypes paired with their derived macrophage profiles were correlated with extent of CAD. Peripheral blood was collected from 40 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, and patients were categorized as having no significant CAD, single vessel disease or multivessel disease according to the number of affected coronary arteries. Mononuclear cells were measured for the monocyte markers CD14 and CD16 by flow cytometry, and separate monocytes were cultured into macrophages over 7 days and measured for the polarization markers CD86 and CD206. At baseline, patients with a greater CAD burden were older, with higher rates of statin, β-blocker and antiplatelet drug use, whereas other characteristics were similar across the spectrum of coronary disease. CD16+ (both intermediate and non-classical) monocytes were elevated in patients with single vessel and multivessel disease compared with those without significant CAD (P < 0.05), whereas regulatory M2 macrophages (CD206+ ) were decreased in patients with single vessel and multivessel disease (P < 0.001). An inverse relationship between paired CD16+ monocytes and M2 macrophages marked CAD severity. On multivariable linear regression, CAD severity was associated, along with age and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, with CD16+ monocytes (directly) and M2 macrophages (inversely). Circulating monocytes may influence downstream polarization of lesional macrophages, and these measures of monocyte and macrophage subtypes hold potential as biomarkers in CAD.
Keyphrases
- coronary artery disease
- peripheral blood
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- coronary artery bypass grafting
- dendritic cells
- cardiovascular events
- endothelial cells
- cardiovascular risk factors
- cardiovascular disease
- nk cells
- patients undergoing
- ejection fraction
- st segment elevation myocardial infarction
- newly diagnosed
- stem cells
- adipose tissue
- st elevation myocardial infarction
- aortic stenosis
- flow cytometry
- type diabetes
- climate change
- immune response
- single cell
- metabolic syndrome
- cell therapy
- bone marrow
- transcription factor
- cell death
- patient reported
- human health