Mitochondria Penetrating Peptide-Conjugated TAMRA for Live-Cell Long-Term Tracking.
Tinghan ZhaoXinglei LiuSweety SinghXiangshan LiuYuanwei ZhangJunko SawadaMasanobu KomatsuKevin D BelfieldPublished in: Bioconjugate chemistry (2019)
Mitochondria are essential targets for treatment of diseases with mitochondrial disorders such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria penetrating peptides (MPPs) are composed of cationic and hydrophobic amino acids that can target and permeate the mitochondrial membrane. Herein, a novel d-argine-phenylalanine-d-argine-phenylalanine-d-argine-phenylalanine-NH2 (rFrFrF) was tagged with a rhodamine-based fluorescent chromophore (TAMRA). This probe (TAMRA-rFrFrF) exhibited advantageous properties for long-term mitochondria tracking as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. Cell viability assays and oxygen consumption rates indicate low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility of the new contrast agent. Colocalization studies suggest that TAMRA-rFrFrF is a promising candidate for continuous mitochondrial tracking for up to 3 days.
Keyphrases
- cell death
- oxidative stress
- endoplasmic reticulum
- reactive oxygen species
- amino acid
- single molecule
- living cells
- type diabetes
- quantum dots
- high throughput
- magnetic resonance
- papillary thyroid
- high resolution
- metabolic syndrome
- fluorescent probe
- squamous cell carcinoma
- glycemic control
- room temperature
- high speed
- label free
- skeletal muscle
- single cell
- combination therapy