Enhancing the Potential Exploitation of Food Waste: Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Renewable Specialty Chemicals from Blackcurrants ( Ribes nigrum L.).
Sannia FarooquePaul M RoseMeryem BenohoudRichard S BlackburnChristopher M RaynerPublished in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2018)
Natural colorants were extracted from renewable botanical sources, specifically waste epicarp from the blackcurrant fruit pressing industry. A process was developed which used acidified water extraction followed by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification stage which allowed the production of an anthocyanin-rich extract in good yields (ca. 2% w/ w based on dry weight of raw material). The components in the extracts were extensively characterized by HPLC, mass spectrometry, IR, NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. HPLC confirmed presence of four anthocyanins: delphinidin-3- O-rutinoside (45%), cyanidin-3- O-rutinoside (31%), and the corresponding glucosides at 16% and 8%, respectively. On sequential liquid-liquid aqueous-organic partitioning of the post-SPE sample, monomeric anthocyanins (54.7%) and polymeric anthocyanins (18%) were found in the aqueous layer with 3- O-rutinosides of myricetin (3.1%) and quercetin (3.2%), while isopropylacetate achieved selective extraction of caffeic acid (3%), p-coumaric acid (5%), and myricetin (2.5%) and quercetin (3.2%) aglycons. 3- O-Glucosides of myricetin (3.1%) and quercetin (2%), along with nigrumin- p-coumarate (1%) and nigrumin ferulate (0.5%) were selectively extracted from the remaining aqueous fraction using ethyl acetate. This allowed for near total quantification of the blackcurrant extract composition.
Keyphrases
- solid phase extraction
- high performance liquid chromatography
- liquid chromatography
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- ionic liquid
- simultaneous determination
- mass spectrometry
- tandem mass spectrometry
- molecularly imprinted
- ms ms
- gas chromatography
- high resolution
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- oxidative stress
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- solid state
- body mass index
- heavy metals
- multidrug resistant
- drug delivery
- anti inflammatory
- single molecule
- physical activity
- weight gain
- weight loss
- cancer therapy
- risk assessment
- climate change
- human health
- capillary electrophoresis
- sewage sludge