Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: Potential Biomarkers and Promising Therapeutical Approaches.
Diana Jhoseline Medina-LeyteOscar Zepeda-GarcíaMayra Domínguez-PérezAntonia González-GarridoMaría Teresa Villarreal-MolinaLeonor Jacobo-AlbaveraPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications are the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammatory activation and dysfunction of the endothelium are key events in the development and pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. There is great interest to further understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis progression, and to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and to reduce the risk of developing CAD and its complications. The use of liquid biopsies and new molecular biology techniques have allowed the identification of a growing list of molecular and cellular markers of endothelial dysfunction, which have provided insight on the molecular basis of atherosclerosis and are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the prevention and or treatment of atherosclerosis and CAD. This review describes recent information on normal vascular endothelium function, as well as traditional and novel potential biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies aimed to protect the endothelium or reverse endothelial damage, as a preventive treatment for CAD and related complications.
Keyphrases
- coronary artery disease
- cardiovascular events
- oxidative stress
- cardiovascular disease
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- coronary artery bypass grafting
- nitric oxide
- risk factors
- healthcare
- combination therapy
- type diabetes
- heart failure
- endothelial cells
- single molecule
- acute coronary syndrome
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement