Fasting plasma glucose variability is an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema in type 2 diabetes: An 8-year prospective cohort study.

High visit-to-visit fasting glucose variability was associated with new-onset PDR and DMO, independent of baseline and mean follow-up fasting glucose and HbA1c in T2D. Long-term stability in plasma glucose is important for reducing the risk of the development and progression for DR and DMO.