European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome 2022 criteria for clinical diagnosis of functional tic-like behaviours: International consensus from experts in tic disorders.
Tamara M PringsheimChristos GanosChristelle NillesAndrea E CavannaDonald L GilbertErica GreenbergAndreas HartmannTammy HedderlyIsobel HeymanHolan LiangIrene MalatyOsman MalikNanette Mol DebesKirsten Muller VahlAlexander MunchauTara MurphyPeter NagyTamsin OwenRenata RizzoLiselotte SkovJeremy SternNatalia SzejkoYulia WorbeDavide MartinoPublished in: European journal of neurology (2023)
Distinguishing FTLBs from primary tics is important due to the distinct treatment paths required for these two conditions. A limitation of the ESSTS 2022 criteria is that they lack prospective testing of their sensitivity and specificity.