Neuromodulation for Atrial Fibrillation Control.
Seil OhPublished in: Korean circulation journal (2024)
Trigger and functional substrate are related to the tone of autonomic nervous system, and the role of the autonomic nerve is more significant in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to non-paroxysmal AF. We have several options for neuromodulation to help to manage patients with AF. Neuromodulation targets can be divided into efferent and afferent pathways. On the efferent side, block would be an intuitive approach. However, permanent block is hard to achieve due to completeness of the procedure and reinnervation issues. Temporary block such as botulinum toxin injection into ganglionated plexi would be a possible option for post-cardiac surgery AF. Low-level subthreshold stimulation could also prevent AF, but the invasiveness of the procedure is the barrier for the general use. On the afferent side, block is also an option. Various renal denervation approaches are currently under investigation. Auditory vagus nerve stimulation is one of the representative low-level afferent stimulation methods. This technique is noninvasive and easy to apply, so it has the potential to be widely utilized if its efficacy is confirmed.
Keyphrases
- atrial fibrillation
- catheter ablation
- oral anticoagulants
- left atrial
- left atrial appendage
- direct oral anticoagulants
- botulinum toxin
- cardiac surgery
- heart failure
- heart rate variability
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- heart rate
- minimally invasive
- working memory
- left ventricular
- venous thromboembolism
- amino acid