N121T and N121S substitutions on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein impact on serum neutralization.
Van Thi LoHyun A LimSeong Sik JangMin Chan KimAlain Chrysler ChamfortHa Yeon KimDa Young MunMin Chang KangHan Byul LeeSunjoo KimYounghee LeeSangkyu ParkSun-Woo YoonHye Kwon KimPublished in: Journal of medical virology (2024)
The N121 site on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with heme and its metabolite, biliverdin, which can affect antibody binding. Both N121T and N121S substitutions have been observed in natural conditions and in a hamster model of dual infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus. Serum pseudotype neutralization assays against HIV-1 particles carrying wild-type, N121T, and N121S spikes with immune mouse and human sera revealed that N121T and N121S mutations had a greater impact on serum neutralization than biliverdin treatment. Although N121T and N121S substitutions are not currently major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, this study could provide fundamental information to prepare for potential future mutations at the N121 site of SARS-CoV-2.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- wild type
- protein protein
- binding protein
- hiv positive
- high throughput
- hepatitis c virus
- gene expression
- small molecule
- dna methylation
- amino acid
- health information
- risk assessment
- coronavirus disease
- south africa
- hiv testing
- men who have sex with men
- dna binding
- human health