Graphene coupled flower-like oxidized-polyacrylonitrile as high-performance anodes for sustainable lithium-ion batteries.

In situ polymerization of acrylonitrile and graphene oxide in combination with thermal treatment was readily performed to produce robust hierarchical hybrids containing flower-like oxidized-polyacrylonitrile, which synergistically couple conductive graphene and a multi-electron redox-active matrix, affording large reversible capacity, high rate capability, and long cycle life toward cost-efficient and sustainable batteries.