β-Lactamase and Macrolide Resistance Gene Carriage in Escherichia coli Isolates Among Children Discharged From Inpatient Care in Western Kenya: A Cross-sectional Study.

Among children discharged from the hospital, history of vaccination, shorter hospital stay, lack of in-hospital antibiotic exposure, and improved sanitation were associated with a lower likelihood of AMR genes. To mitigate the continued spread of AMR, AMR control programs should consider strategies beyond antimicrobial stewardship, including improvements in sanitation, increased vaccine coverage, and the development of novel vaccines.