Quantifying pesticide deposits and spray patterns at micro-scales on apple (Malus domesticus) leaves with a view to arthropod exposure.

Our method demonstrates accurate estimation of pesticide deposits at the individual leaf scale through digital analysis of water-sensitive paper and is a low-cost, rapid alternative to conventional residue analysis techniques. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.