Modulation of Glial Cell Functions by the Gut-Brain Axis: A Role in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Pain Transmission.
Giulia MagniBenedetta RiboldiStefania CerutiPublished in: Cells (2023)
Studies on host microbiota and their interactions with the central nervous system (CNS) have grown considerably in the last decade. Indeed, it has been widely demonstrated that dysregulations of the bidirectional gut-brain crosstalk are involved in the development of several pathological conditions, including chronic pain. In addition, the activation of central and peripheral glial cells is also implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of pain and other neurodegenerative disorders. Recent preclinical findings suggest that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating glial maturation, morphology and function, possibly through the action of different microbial metabolites, including the most studied short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, altered microbiota composition has been reported in CNS disorders characterized by glial cell activation. In this review, we discuss recent studies showing the role of the gut microbiota and the effects of its depletion in modulating the morphology and function of glial cells (microglia and astrocytes), and we hypothesize a possible role for glia-microbiota interactions in the development and maintenance of chronic pain.
Keyphrases
- chronic pain
- neuropathic pain
- induced apoptosis
- pain management
- spinal cord
- cell therapy
- cell cycle arrest
- single cell
- resting state
- blood brain barrier
- inflammatory response
- stem cells
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- ms ms
- functional connectivity
- cell death
- case control
- microbial community
- mesenchymal stem cells
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- pi k akt
- cell proliferation
- cerebrospinal fluid