Chemodiversity and Anti-Leukemia Effect of Metabolites from Penicillium setosum CMLD 18.

Penicillium setosum represents a Penicillium species recently described, with little up-to-date information about its metabolic and biological potential. Due to this scenario, we performed chemical and biological studies of P. setosum CMLD18, a strain isolated from Swinglea glutinosa (Rutaceae). HRMS-MS guided dereplication strategies and anti-leukemia assays conducted the isolation and characterization of six compounds after several chromatographic procedures: 2-chloroemodic acid ( 2 ), 2-chloro-1,3,8-trihydroxy-6- (hydroxymethyl)-anthraquinone ( 7 ), 7-chloroemodin ( 8 ), bisdethiobis(methylthio)acetylaranotine ( 9 ), fellutanine C ( 10 ), and 4-methyl-5,6-diihydro-2H-pyran-2-one ( 15 ). From the assayed metabolites, ( 10 ) induced cellular death against Kasumi-1, a human leukemia cell line, as well as good selectivity for it, displaying promising cytotoxic activity. Here, the correct NMR signal assignments for ( 9 ) are also described. Therefore, this work highlights more detailed knowledge about the P. setosum chemical profile as well as its biological potential, offering prospects for obtaining natural products with anti-leukemia capabilities.