Improving outcomes of liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with portal vein tumor thrombosis over the evolving eras of treatment.

The outcomes of HCC associated with PVTT remain unsatisfactory because of a high incidence of tumor recurrence even after curative resection. Although the management and outcomes of patients with HCC and PVTT have greatly improved over the years, surgical resection remains an option to achieve a potential cure of HCC in well-selected patients.