Separation and quantification of diazinon in water samples by liquid-phase microextraction-based effervescent tablet-assisted switchable solvent method coupled to GC-FID.

This study used a liquid-phase microextraction-based effervescent tablet-assisted switchable solvent (LPME-ETA-SS) method coupled to GC-FID as an eco-efficient, convenient to use, cost-effective, sensitive, rapid, and efficient method for extracting, preconcentrating, and quantifying the trace amount of diazinon in river water samples. As a switchable solvent, triethylamine (TEA) was used. In situ generation of CO 2 by ET containing Na 2 CO 3 and citric acid changed the hydrophobic TEA to the hydrophilic protonated triethylamine carbonate (P-TEA-C). The CO 2 removal from the specimen solution by the use of NaOH caused P-TEA-C to be converted into TEA and led to phase separation, during which diazinon was extracted into the TEA phase. The salting-out process was helpful in enhancing extraction efficiency. Additionally, a number of significant parameters that affect the extraction recovery were also examined. Under optimum conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 0.06 and 0.2 ng/ml, respectively. The extraction recovery (ER%) and pre-concentration factor (PF) were obtained at 95% and 190, respectively, and the precision (interday and intraday, RSD%, n=5) was <5%.