Synthesis of Amphiphilic Copolymers Containing Ciprofloxacin and Amine Groups and Their Antimicrobial Performances As Revealed by Confocal Laser-Scanning Microscopy and Atomic-Force Microscopy.

Two series of amphiphilic antimicrobial copolymers containing ciprofloxacin (CPF) and amine functional groups have been synthesized via free-radical copolymerization. The chemical structures of the different amine groups and the copolymer compositions have been systematically varied to study how the structure of the copolymer exerts an influence on the antibacterial activity. The viability of Escherichia coli in the presence of antimicrobial copolymers was observed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM). CLSM as well as atomic-force microscopy (AFM) were applied to visualize changes in morphology of bacteria treated with antimicrobial copolymers and elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of the antimicrobial copolymers. Morphological changes of bacteria observed via AFM and CLSM demonstrated that the antibacterial mechanism was due to the disruption of the bacterial membrane. The destruction of the cell membrane was also confirmed by the leakage of intracellular components, which had a strong absorbance at 260 nm. The inhibitory process was monitored by UV absorption dynamically.