The absence of reporting standards and a lack of objective, performance-based outcomes following intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures: findings from a scoping review into 179 articles.

The heterogeneity of outcome tools reported limits comparison between studies and the most commonly reported patient outcomes may not be the most appropriate. Future studies should report the IM nailing approach and consider capturing both patient-reported and performance-based outcomes to help inform surgical decision making.