Smoking and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comparison of China, India, and the USA.

Peiqi WangJun HuShadi GhadermarziAli RazaDouglas O'ConnellAmy XiaoFaraz AyyazMin ZhiYuanqi ZhangNimisha K ParekhMark LazarevAlyssa ParianSteven R BrantMarshall BedineBrindusa TrutaPinjin HuRupa BanerjeeSusan M Hutfless

Published in: Digestive diseases and sciences (2018)

We found heterogeneity in the associations of smoking and IBD risk and outcomes between China, India, and the USA. Further study with more adequate sample size and more uniform definition of smoking status is warranted.

Keyphrases

smoking cessation
single cell
metabolic syndrome
adipose tissue
insulin resistance
weight loss