Risk factors for neonatal mortality prior to hospital discharge in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing cesarean section.

Outcomes following c-section are similar between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic breeds. While it is preferable to encourage selective breeding for bitches that are able to whelp naturally, elective c-section should be considered in bitches at high risk for dystocia to maximize neonatal survival.