Covalent organic framework-based porous ionomers for high-performance fuel cells.
Qingnuan ZhangShuda DongPengpeng ShaoYuhao ZhuZhenjie MuDafei ShengTeng ZhangXin JiangRuiwen ShaoZhixin RenJing XieXiao FengBo WangPublished in: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2022)
Lowering platinum (Pt) loadings without sacrificing power density and durability in fuel cells is highly desired yet challenging because of the high mass transport resistance near the catalyst surfaces. We tailored the three-phase microenvironment by optimizing the ionomer by incorporating ionic covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets into Nafion. The mesoporous apertures of 2.8 to 4.1 nanometers and appendant sulfonate groups enabled the proton transfer and promoted oxygen permeation. The mass activity of Pt and the peak power density of the fuel cell with Pt/Vulcan (0.07 mg of Pt per square centimeter in the cathode) both reached 1.6 times those values without the COF. This strategy was applied to catalyst layers with various Pt loadings and different commercial catalysts.
Keyphrases
- highly efficient
- metal organic framework
- induced apoptosis
- reduced graphene oxide
- cell cycle arrest
- stem cells
- room temperature
- single cell
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell therapy
- cell death
- cystic fibrosis
- signaling pathway
- smoking cessation
- escherichia coli
- biofilm formation
- staphylococcus aureus
- cell proliferation
- mesenchymal stem cells
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- solid state