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A Non-Hemadsorbing Live-Attenuated Virus Vaccine Candidate Protects Pigs against the Contemporary Pandemic Genotype II African Swine Fever Virus.

Truong Quang LamLihua WangTuan Anh NguyenHoa Thi NguyenAnh Dao LeVan-Giap NguyenAnh Thi VuPhuong Thi HoangTrang Thi LeHuyen Thi NguyenHang Thu Thi NguyenHuong Lan Thi LaiDao Anh Tran BuiLe My Thi HuynhRachel MaderaYuzhen LiJamie RetallickFranco Matías FerreyraLan Thi NguyenJishu Shi
Published in: Viruses (2024)
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and severe hemorrhagic transboundary swine viral disease with up to a 100% mortality rate, which leads to a tremendous socio-economic loss worldwide. The lack of safe and efficacious ASF vaccines is the greatest challenge in the prevention and control of ASF. In this study, we generated a safe and effective live-attenuated virus (LAV) vaccine candidate VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 by serially passaging a virulent genotype II strain (VNUA-ASFV-L2) in an immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage cell line (3D4/21, 50 passages). VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 lost its hemadsorption ability but maintained comparable growth kinetics in 3D4/21 cells to that of the parental strain. Notably, it exhibited significant attenuation of virulence in pigs across different doses (10 3 , 10 4 , and 10 5 TCID 50 ). All vaccinated pigs remained healthy with no clinical signs of African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection throughout the 28-day observation period of immunization. VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 was efficiently cleared from the blood at 14-17 days post-infection, even at the highest dose (10 5 TCID 50 ). Importantly, the attenuation observed in vivo did not compromise the ability of VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 to induce protective immunity. Vaccination with VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses in pigs, achieving 100% protection against a lethal wild-type ASFV (genotype II) challenge at all tested doses (10 3 , 10 4 , and 10 5 TCID 50 ). Furthermore, a single vaccination (10 4 TCID 50 ) provided protection for up to 2 months. These findings suggest that VNUA-ASFV-LAVL3 can be utilized as a promising safe and efficacious LAV candidate against the contemporary pandemic genotype II ASFV.
Keyphrases
  • immune response
  • sars cov
  • coronavirus disease
  • escherichia coli
  • wild type
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • early onset
  • oxidative stress
  • cardiovascular disease
  • signaling pathway
  • cell proliferation