Effect of fibronectin, FGF-2, and BMP4 in the stemness maintenance of BMSCs and the metabolic and proteomic cues involved.

These results indicate that the culture environment supplemented with the culture cocktail (FN, FGF2, and BMP4) plays an essential role in shaping the pluripotent state of BMSCs. Both the metabolism and proteome networks are involved in this process and the modulation of cell-fate decision making. All these findings may contribute to the application of MSCs for regenerative medicine.