Shear Thickening Fluid and Sponge-Hybrid Triboelectric Nanogenerator for a Motion Sensor Array-Based Lying State Detection System.

Issues of size and power consumption in IoT devices can be addressed through triboelectricity-driven energy harvesting technology, which generates electrical signals without external power sources or batteries. This technology significantly reduces the complexity of devices, enhances installation flexibility, and minimizes power consumption. By utilizing shear thickening fluid (STF), which exhibits variable viscosity upon external impact, the sensitivity of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based sensors can be adjusted. For this study, the highest electrical outputs of STF and sponge-hybrid TENG (SSH-TENG) devices under various input forces and frequencies were generated with an open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) of 98 V and a short-circuit current ( I SC ) of 4.5 µA. The maximum power density was confirmed to be 0.853 mW/m 2 at a load resistance of 30 MΩ. Additionally, a lying state detection system for use in medical settings was implemented using SSH-TENG as a hybrid triboelectric motion sensor (HTMS). Each unit of a 3 × 2 HTMS array, connected to a half-wave rectifier and 1 MΩ parallel resistor, was interfaced with an MCU. Real-time detection of the patient's condition through the HTMS array could enable the early identification of hazardous situations and alerts. The proposed HTMS continuously monitors the patient's movements, promptly identifying areas prone to pressure ulcers, thus effectively contributing to pressure ulcer prevention.