Reversible Multielectron Release from Redox-Active Three-Dimensional Molecular Barrels with Ruthenium-Alkenyl Moieties.

Three-dimensional molecular barrels Ru 6 -4 and Ru 6 -5 were synthesized in high yields from dinuclear ruthenium-vinyl clamps and tritopic triphenylamine-derived carboxylate linkers and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy including 1 H- 1 H COSY and 1 H DOSY measurements, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. The metal frameworks of the cages adopt the shape of twisted trigonal prisms, and they crystallize as racemic mixtures of interdigitating Δ- and Λ-enantiomers with a tight columnar packing in Ru 6 -4 . Electrochemical studies and redox titrations revealed that the cages are able to release up to 11 electrons on the voltammetric timescale and that their cage structures persist up to the hexacation level. IR and UV-vis-near-infrared spectroelectrochemical studies confirm substituent-dependent intramolecular electronic communication within the π-conjugated 1,3-divinylphenylene backbone in the tricationic states, where all three divinylphenylene-bridged diruthenium clamps are present in mixed-valent radical cation states. The formation of 1:3 charge-transfer salts with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane as the electron acceptor is also demonstrated.