Usefulness of cardiopulmonary exercise test combined with exercise stress echocardiography in mild chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease.

CTEPD patients with mild PH or without PH exhibited limited exercise capacity alongside an excessive increase in RVSP during exercise. Importantly, RV dysfunction during exercise was significantly associated with exercise capacity. ESE-CPET could aid in comprehending the primary cause of exercise limitation in these patients.