Genetic diversity of HPV35 in Chad and the Central African Republic, two landlocked countries of Central Africa: A cross-sectional study.
Ralph-Sydney Mboumba BouassaJuval Avala NtsigouayePaola Candyse Lemba TsimbaZita Aleyo NodjikouambayeDamtheou SadjoliMarcel Mbeko SimalekoSerge Police CamengoJean De Dieu LongoGérard GrésenguetDavid VeyerHélène PéréChristian Diamant Mossoro-KpindeLaurent BélecPublished in: PloS one (2024)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-35 accounts for up 10% of cervical cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa. We herein assessed the genetic diversity of HPV35 in HIV-negative women from Chad (identified as #CHAD) and HIV-infected men having sex with men (MSM) in the Central African Republic (CAR), identified as #CAR. Ten HPV35 DNA from self-collected genital secretions (n = 5) and anal margin samples (n = 5) obtained from women and MSM, respectively, were sequenced using the ABI PRISM® BigDye Sequencing technology. All but one HPV35 strains belonged to the A2 sublineage, and only #CAR5 belonged to A1. HPV35 from #CAR had higher L1 variability compared to #CHAD (mean number of mutations: 16 versus 6). L1 of #CAR5 showed a significant variability (2.29%), suggesting a possible intra-type divergence from HPV35H. Three (BC, DE, and EF) out of the 5 capsid loops domains remained totally conserved, while FG- and HI- loops of #CAR exhibited amino acid variations. #CAR5 also showed the highest LCR variability with a 16bp insertion at binding sites of the YY1. HPV35 from #CHAD exhibited the highest variability in E2 gene (P<0.05). E6 and E7 oncoproteins remained well conserved. There is a relative maintenance of a well conserved HPV35 A2 sublineage within heterosexual women in Chad and MSM with HIV in the Central African Republic.
Keyphrases
- cervical cancer screening
- high grade
- hiv infected
- genetic diversity
- antiretroviral therapy
- hiv testing
- men who have sex with men
- hiv positive
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- human immunodeficiency virus
- hepatitis c virus
- type diabetes
- amino acid
- pregnant women
- metabolic syndrome
- dna methylation
- adipose tissue
- pregnancy outcomes
- risk factors
- skeletal muscle
- cell free
- circulating tumor cells
- circulating tumor
- genome wide identification