Exercise ameliorates high-fat diet-induced impairment of differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells in rats.
Hisashi KatoHidemasa MinamizatoHideki OhnoYoshinobu OhiraTetsuya IzawaPublished in: Journal of cellular physiology (2018)
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can differentiate into neurons under particular conditions. It remains largely unknown whether this differentiation potential is affected by physical conditions such as obesity, which modulates the functions of adipose tissue. In this study, we determined the impact of either a 9-week high-fat diet (60% fat; HFD) or 9-week exercise training on the differentiation potential of ADSCs into neuron-like cells in male Wistar rats. Rats were randomly assigned to a normal diet-fed (ND-SED) group, HFD-fed (HFD-SED) group, or exercise-trained HFD-fed group (HFD-EX). After a 9-week intervention, ADSCs from all groups differentiated into neuron-like cells. Expression of neuronal marker proteins (nestin, βIII-tubulin, and microtubule-associated protein 2 [MAP2]) and the average length of cell neurites were lower in cells from HFD-SED rats than in other groups. Instead, protein expression of COX IV and Cyt-c, the Bax/Bcl-2 and LC3-II/I ratio, and the malondialdehyde level in culture medium were higher in cells from HFD-SED rats. No significant difference between ND-SED and HFD-EX rats was observed, except for the average length of cell neurites in MAP2. Thus, HFD impaired the differentiation potential of ADSCs into neuron-like cells, which was accompanied by increases in apoptotic activity and oxidative stress. Importantly, exercise training ameliorated the HFD-induced impairment of neurogenesis in ADSCs. The adipose tissue microenvironment could influence the differentiation potential of ADSCs, a source of autologous stem cell therapy.
Keyphrases
- high fat diet
- adipose tissue
- insulin resistance
- cell therapy
- high fat diet induced
- skeletal muscle
- metabolic syndrome
- physical activity
- oxidative stress
- stem cells
- type diabetes
- high intensity
- cell death
- risk assessment
- diabetic rats
- bone marrow
- clinical trial
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- mass spectrometry
- mental health
- induced apoptosis
- liquid chromatography
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- spinal cord injury
- platelet rich plasma
- high glucose
- signaling pathway