Expression of messenger molecules and receptors in rat and human sphenopalatine ganglion indicating therapeutic targets.

Anna SteinbergSimona D FrederiksenFrank W BlixtKarin WarfvingeLars Edvinsson

Published in: The journal of headache and pain (2016)

Recent focus on the SPG has emphasized the role of parasympathetic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of mainly CH. The development of next generation's drugs and treatment of cranial parasympathetic symptoms, mediated through the SPG, can be modulated by treatment with BoNT-A and 5-HT receptor agonists.

Keyphrases

endothelial cells
heart rate variability
oxidative stress
physical activity
sleep quality
drug induced