A Biomimicking and Multiarm Self-Indicating Nanoassembly for Site-Specific Photothermal-Potentiated Thrombolysis Assessed in Microfluidic and in vivo Models.

Thrombolytic and antithrombotic therapies are limited by short circulation time and the risk of off-target hemorrhage. We propose integrating a thrombus-homing strategy with photothermal therapy to address these limitations. Using glycol chitosan, polypyrrole, iron oxide and heparin, we developed biomimicking GCPIH nanoparticles for targeted thrombus delivery and thrombolysis. The nanoassembly achieved precise delivery of polypyrrole, exhibiting biocompatibility, selective accumulation at multiple thrombus sites, and enhanced thrombolysis through photothermal activation. To simulate targeted thrombolysis, we designed a microfluidic model predicting thrombolysis dynamics in realistic pathological scenarios. Human blood assessments validated the precise homing of GCPIH nanoparticles to activated thrombus microenvironments. Efficient near-infrared phototherapeutic effects were demonstrated at thrombus lesions under physiological flow conditions ex vivo. Our combined investigations provide compelling evidence supporting the potential of GCPIH nanoparticles for effective thrombus therapy. The microfluidic model also offers a platform for advanced thrombolytic nanomedicine development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.