Developing 1D Sb-Embedded Carbon Nanorods to Improve Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells.

To overcome the zigzag pathway transport of the electron diffusion process and eliminate the surface trap states of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) nanofilms in inverted perovskite solar cells, novel 1D N-type doped carbon nanorods (CNRs) are developed by a stibonium (Sb) auxiliary ball milling method and introduced into the PCBM film to prepare the PCBM:Sb-CNRs hybrid transport layer. In this way, the N-type doped Sb-CNRs can extend the built-in electric field between CH3 NH3 PbI3 and PCBM to facilitate the separation of electron/hole pairs. The discontinuous band with the built-in potential in the PCBM/Sb-CNRs heterojunction can boost interfacial charge redistribution and promote electrons diffusion from PCBM to electrode through 1D Sb-CNRs network. As a result, the high device efficiency of 19.26% with enhanced air stability and little hysteresis are achieved. This work demonstrates a simple strategy to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices using low-cost carbon nanomaterials.