Psychosocial Assessment Tools for Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: a 10-Year Review.

There are a variety of psychosocial factors affecting youth, and assessment of these measures has shown substantial variability. Our review found that most frequently cited scales were those pertaining to self-efficacy, diabetes distress, family conflict, autonomy, and fear of hypoglycemia. During our review period, experts developed and validated 21 new scales, the majority of which sought to evaluate areas pertaining to diabetes distress. Of the common scales and newly developed scales identified in this review, psychometric properties showcase high reliability and validity, and items are becoming increasingly specific to youth but still lack assessment of how youth perceive technology's impact on diabetes management. The field would benefit from measures employing more nuanced age specificity and addressing technology usage.