Rose Bengal-Modified Upconverting Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation.
Mykhailo NahorniakOgnen Pop-GeorgievskiNadiia VelychkivskaMarcela FilipováEliška RydvalováKristýna GunárPetr MatoušUliana KostivVitalii PatsulaPublished in: Life (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
High-quality upconverting NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ nanoparticles (UCNPs; 26 nm in diameter) based on lanthanides were synthesized by a high-temperature coprecipitation method. The particles were modified by bisphosphonate-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and Rose Bengal (RB) photosensitizer. The particles were thoroughly characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR, and X-ray photoelectron and upconversion luminescence spectroscopy in terms of morphology, hydrodynamic size, composition, and energy transfer to the photosensitizer. Moreover, the singlet oxygen generation from RB-containing UCNPs was investigated using 9,10-diphenylanthracene probe under 980 nm excitation. The cytotoxicity of UCNPs before and after conjugation with RB was evaluated on highly sensitive rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) and significant differences were found. Correspondingly, consi-derable variations in viability were revealed between the irradiated and non-irradiated rat glioma cell line (C6) exposed to RB-conjugated UCNPs. While the viability of rMSCs was not affected by the presence of UCNPs themselves, the cancer C6 cells were killed after the irradiation at 980 nm due to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thus suggesting the potential of RB-conjugated PEG-modified UCNPs for applications in photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Keyphrases
- photodynamic therapy
- energy transfer
- quantum dots
- reactive oxygen species
- fluorescence imaging
- papillary thyroid
- electron microscopy
- mesenchymal stem cells
- high temperature
- squamous cell
- drug delivery
- high resolution
- oxidative stress
- induced apoptosis
- cell death
- dna damage
- magnetic resonance
- stem cells
- young adults
- cell cycle arrest
- childhood cancer
- single molecule
- estrogen receptor
- climate change
- cell therapy
- signaling pathway
- endoplasmic reticulum
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell proliferation
- optic nerve