How Immunotherapy Has Redefined the Treatment Paradigm of Metastatic or Locally Advanced Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma.
Mathieu LarroquetteFélix LefortCharlotte DomblidesLuc HéraudetGrégoire RobertAlain RavaudMarine Gross-GoupilPublished in: Cancers (2024)
In the past decade, the therapeutic arsenal for metastatic bladder cancer has expanded considerably, with the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibody-drug conjugates such as enfortumab vedotin, and anti-fibroblast growth factor receptor agents. Clinical trials evaluating ICIs as neoadjuvants, adjuvants, or first- or second-line treatments have produced conflicting results. However, first-line therapeutic strategies have been redefined by the recent publication of results from two clinical trials: CheckMate-901, which demonstrated the superiority of combined treatment with nivolumab and chemotherapy in extending overall survival, and EV-302, which demonstrated that combined treatment with pembrolizumab and enfortumab vedotin reduced the risk of death by 53%. In this review, we discuss the role of ICIs, alone or in combination, in bladder cancer management in the metastatic and adjuvant settings in 2024, considering the latest published trials. The potential role of ICIs as neoadjuvants is also discussed.
Keyphrases
- clinical trial
- squamous cell carcinoma
- locally advanced
- small cell lung cancer
- spinal cord injury
- radiation therapy
- rectal cancer
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- skeletal muscle
- hodgkin lymphoma
- high grade
- cancer therapy
- climate change
- risk assessment
- tyrosine kinase
- binding protein
- human health
- urinary tract
- double blind
- placebo controlled