Covid and Cardiovascular Diseases: Direct and Indirect Damages and Future Perspective.
Giacomo RuzzenentiAlessandro MalobertiValentina GianiMarco BiolcatiFilippo LeidiMassimiliano MonticelliEnzo GrassoIside CartellaMatteo PalazziniLaura GarattiNicola UghiClaudio RossettiOscar Massimiliano EpisCristina Giannattasionull nullPublished in: High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension (2021)
SARS-CoV-2 infection determines a disease that predominantly affects lungs. However the cytokines storms, determined by the huge immune response to the infection, could affect also other organs and apparatus such as heart and vessels. Beyond the acute inflammation itself also hypercoagulative status has been linked to SARSCoV-2 infection and this surely relates to the increase seen in prevalence of pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction. A number of cardiac abnormalities and pathologies have been observed, with special attention to cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial involvement. Furthermore, indirect damages determined by the reduction in acute and chronic cardiovascular care, results in a strong mortality and morbidity outcomes in cardiological patients. In this review we will summarise current knowledge on both direct and indirect cardiovascular damages determined by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemia.
Keyphrases
- pulmonary embolism
- sars cov
- left ventricular
- liver failure
- healthcare
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- end stage renal disease
- respiratory failure
- drug induced
- cardiovascular disease
- heart failure
- risk factors
- newly diagnosed
- inferior vena cava
- coronavirus disease
- chronic kidney disease
- oxidative stress
- ejection fraction
- palliative care
- prognostic factors
- cardiovascular events
- aortic dissection
- type diabetes
- atrial fibrillation
- hepatitis b virus
- metabolic syndrome
- quality improvement
- patient reported outcomes
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- adipose tissue
- weight loss
- intensive care unit
- cardiovascular risk factors
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- affordable care act