A review of plastic waste circular actions in seven developing countries to achieve sustainable development goals.
Navarro FerronatoAmani MaaloufAdeline MertenatAnkur SainiAshish KhanalBenedetta CopertaroDotanhan YeoHaniyeh JalalipourJulio Raldúa VeutheyLeidy Marcela Ulloa-MurilloMilan Sebastian ThottathilNorshah Aizat Bin ShuaibRyan CaplinVivek Jaisree MohandasPublished in: Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA (2023)
Plastic waste circularity is a priority at a global level. Sustainable development goals (SDGs) set the ways to go, and the circular economy principles underlined the 'green' strategies to be employed. However, in practice, there is still much to do, especially in developing countries, where open burning and open dumping still represent the common way of plastic waste disposal. This review aims to analyse current plastic waste circular approaches in low-middle income settings. Seven countries were selected based on the economic level and data availability from the authors, and analysed to collect and critically discuss the actions implemented at a city level. Examples of waste minimization and recycling strategies, selective collection systems and public campaigns are reported from Africa, Asia and Latin America. First, a background analysis related to physical and governance aspects of municipal solid waste management systems of the chosen settings was conducted. The assessment was focused on the treatment processes or minimization actions. Then, the applicability of the projects to achieve the SDGs was commented on. The outcomes of the research underline the need to: (1) scale up small-scale and pilot projects, (2) disseminate good practices in more low- to middle-income settings, (3) create synergies among international partners for further replications in cities. Urgent solutions to plastic waste pollution are needed. The review presented practical actions to be implemented now to boost plastic waste circularity in developing cities.
Keyphrases
- municipal solid waste
- heavy metals
- sewage sludge
- life cycle
- anaerobic digestion
- healthcare
- mental health
- risk assessment
- primary care
- physical activity
- quality improvement
- emergency department
- type diabetes
- health risk assessment
- machine learning
- skeletal muscle
- deep learning
- human immunodeficiency virus
- hepatitis c virus
- climate change
- study protocol
- electronic health record
- insulin resistance
- hiv testing