Prevalence and characteristics of ventricular septal defects in a non-racehorse equine population (2008-2019).

Lisa De Lange Lisse Vera Annelies Decloedt Glenn Van Steenkiste Ingrid Vernemmen Gunther van Loon

Published in: Journal of veterinary internal medicine (2021)

Most isolated VSD were diagnosed only at a later age and were not associated with clinical signs. Horses with complex CHD were more likely to have or develop clinical signs at younger age.

Keyphrases

heart failure
risk factors
left ventricular
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy