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Near UV Light Photo-Degradation of Lactate and Related α-Hydroxycarboxylates in the Presence of Fe(III): Formation of Carbon Dioxide Radical Anion.

Yilue ZhangDavid S RichardsChristian Schöneich
Published in: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences (2024)
In recent studies we have reported on the near-UV light-induced degradation of iron complexes of various pharmaceutical excipients, such as Fe(III)-citrate and Fe(III)-amino acid complexes. Mechanistic studies revealed a common photo-degradation pattern, i.e. the formation of carbon dioxide radical anion, a potent reducing agent, via an alkoxyl/amino radical intermediate generated by light-induced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) involving α-hydroxycarboxylates or amino acids. Herein, we confirm the proposed general photo-degradation pathways through the study of the iron complexes of other α-hydroxycarboxylates that may be present in protein formulations, such as lactate and glycolate. The results indicate that lactate generates even higher yields of • CO 2 - as compared to citrate, suggesting a significant potential of lactate for the promotion of photo-degradation in pharmaceutical formulations.
Keyphrases
  • carbon dioxide
  • amino acid
  • aqueous solution
  • ionic liquid
  • metal organic framework
  • single cell
  • risk assessment
  • case control
  • climate change
  • iron deficiency