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Angiographic challenges of spinal dural and epidural arteriovenous fistulas: report on 45 cases.

Keisuke TakaiTakeaki EndoSo Fujimoto
Published in: Neuroradiology (2023)
In patients in whom less invasive examinations failed for fistula localization, high thoracic or sacral AVFs need to be considered.
Keyphrases
  • spinal cord
  • end stage renal disease
  • ejection fraction
  • chronic kidney disease
  • peritoneal dialysis
  • spinal cord injury