Combining therapeutic vaccines with chemo- and immunotherapies in the treatment of cancer.

A deeper understanding of the immunostimulatory properties of cytoreductive therapies has supported their utility in combination therapies involving cancer vaccines as a potential strategy to induce a durable anti-tumor immune response for multiple types of cancers. Based on current evidence, combination therapies may have synergies that depend on the identity of the cytotoxic agent, vaccine target, dosing schedule, and cancer type. Together, these observations suggest that combining cancer vaccines with immunomodulatory cytoreductive therapy is a promising strategy for cancer therapy.