Prognostic and Theranostic Applications of Positron Emission Tomography for a Personalized Approach to Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
Luca FilippiViviana FrantellizziAgostino ChiaravallotiMariano PonticoMaria Silvia De FeoFerdinando CoricaMelissa MontebelloOrazio SchillaciGiuseppe De VincentisOreste BagniPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) represents a condition of progressive disease in spite of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), with a broad spectrum of manifestations ranging from no symptoms to severe debilitation due to bone or visceral metastatization. The management of mCRPC has been profoundly modified by introducing novel therapeutic tools such as antiandrogen drugs (i.e., abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide), immunotherapy through sipuleucel-T, and targeted alpha therapy (TAT). This variety of approaches calls for unmet need of biomarkers suitable for patients' pre-treatment selection and prognostic stratification. In this scenario, imaging with positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT) presents great and still unexplored potential to detect specific molecular and metabolic signatures, some of whom, such as the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), can also be exploited as therapeutic targets, thus combining diagnosis and therapy in the so-called "theranostic" approach. In this review, we performed a web-based and desktop literature research to investigate the prognostic and theranostic potential of several PET imaging probes, such as 18F-FDG, 18F-choline and 68Ga-PSMA-11, also covering the emerging tracers still in a pre-clinical phase (e.g., PARP-inhibitors' analogs and the radioligands binding to gastrin releasing peptide receptors/GRPR), highlighting their potential for defining personalized care pathways in mCRPC.
Keyphrases
- pet ct
- positron emission tomography
- pet imaging
- computed tomography
- fluorescence imaging
- prostate cancer
- photodynamic therapy
- squamous cell carcinoma
- small cell lung cancer
- end stage renal disease
- healthcare
- ejection fraction
- high resolution
- palliative care
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- systematic review
- magnetic resonance imaging
- single molecule
- multiple sclerosis
- prognostic factors
- mass spectrometry
- dna damage
- metabolic syndrome
- gene expression
- insulin resistance
- magnetic resonance
- replacement therapy
- physical activity
- dna repair
- peritoneal dialysis
- human health
- dual energy
- iron oxide
- cell therapy
- adipose tissue
- bone marrow
- pain management
- cancer therapy
- genome wide
- image quality
- depressive symptoms