Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases: Clinical Challenges and Future Directions.
Ranjan PathakArya AminiAddie HillErminia MassarelliRavi SalgiaPublished in: Cancers (2021)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment landscape for patients with non-small cell lung cancers. Existing treatment paradigms for brain metastases in lung cancer patients leave patients with adverse neurocognitive function, poor quality of life, and dismal prognosis, thus highlighting the need to develop more effective systemic therapies. Although data are limited, emerging knowledge suggests promising activity and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer patients. This review aims to summarize the current data, highlight the challenges of incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating these patients, and identify areas for future research.
Keyphrases
- brain metastases
- small cell lung cancer
- single cell
- end stage renal disease
- cell therapy
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- electronic health record
- big data
- ejection fraction
- emergency department
- prognostic factors
- stem cells
- machine learning
- patient reported outcomes
- young adults
- bipolar disorder
- artificial intelligence
- combination therapy
- data analysis
- drug induced