Unified Total Synthesis of Five Bufadienolides.

We report a unified total synthesis of five bufadienolides: bufalin (1), bufogenin B (2), bufotalin (3), vulgarobufotoxin (4), and 3-(N-succinyl argininyl) bufotalin (5). After the steroidal ABCD ring 8 was produced, the D ring was cross-coupled with a 2-pyrone moiety and stereoselectively epoxidized to generate 6. TMSOTf promoted a stereospecific 1,2-hydride shift from 6 to establish the β-oriented 2-pyrone of 19. Functional group manipulations from 19 furnished 1-5, which potently inhibited cancer cell growth.