Metabolic Regulation of Single Synaptic Vesicle Exo- and Endocytosis in Hippocampal Synapses.

Synapses can sustain neurotransmission across various activity levels by bypassing glycolysis and utilizing oxidative fuels.Mitochondria, but not glycolysis, regulate release probability and nanoscale organization of vesicle release within the active zone.Mitochondrial inhibition increases the occurrence of vesicle retrieval via ultra-fast endocytosis.Mitochondrial localization in nerve terminals enhances vesicle release and retrieval in the absence of glucose, representing a form of synaptic plasticity.