Neuroinflammation in the Evolution of Motor Function in Stroke and Trauma Patients: Treatment and Potential Biomarkers.
Ane LarreaAne ElexpeEguzkiñe Díez-MartínMaría TorrecillaEgoitz AstigarragaGabriel Barreda-GómezPublished in: Current issues in molecular biology (2023)
Neuroinflammation has a significant impact on different pathologies, such as stroke or spinal cord injury, intervening in their pathophysiology: expansion, progression, and resolution. Neuroinflammation involves oxidative stress, damage, and cell death, playing an important role in neuroplasticity and motor dysfunction by affecting the neuronal connection responsible for motor control. The diagnosis of this pathology is performed using neuroimaging techniques and molecular diagnostics based on identifying and measuring signaling molecules or specific markers. In parallel, new therapeutic targets are being investigated via the use of bionanomaterials and electrostimulation to modulate the neuroinflammatory response. These novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have the potential to facilitate the development of anticipatory patterns and deliver the most beneficial treatment to improve patients' quality of life and directly impact their motor skills. However, important challenges remain to be solved. Hence, the goal of this study was to review the implication of neuroinflammation in the evolution of motor function in stroke and trauma patients, with a particular focus on novel methods and potential biomarkers to aid clinicians in diagnosis, treatment, and therapy. A specific analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities was conducted, highlighting the key challenges to be faced in the coming years.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- spinal cord injury
- cell death
- traumatic brain injury
- cerebral ischemia
- trauma patients
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- atrial fibrillation
- cognitive impairment
- end stage renal disease
- chronic kidney disease
- ejection fraction
- cell proliferation
- palliative care
- mesenchymal stem cells
- dna damage
- risk assessment
- stem cells
- single molecule
- prognostic factors
- brain injury
- signaling pathway
- high resolution
- inflammatory response
- peritoneal dialysis
- cell cycle arrest
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- heat shock protein
- smoking cessation