Jinzhen oral liquid (JZOL) is widely used in China. However, its tissue distribution, a vital part of the efficacy substances research, has not been reported yet. This study characterized its chemical components and its prototypes and metabolites in mice, and investigated its tissue distribution in pathological and healthy mice. Fortunately, several constituents were characterized, including 55 constituents in JZOL, 11 absorbed prototypes and 6 metabolites in plasma and tissues. Metabolic pathways were demethylation, dehydration and acetylation. A sensitive, accurate and stable quantitative method was established and applied to its tissue distribution. After administration of JZOL, these seven components were rapidly distributed to various tissues, mainly staying in the small intestine, and less distributed to lung, liver and kidney. Compared with healthy mice, absorption of baicalin, wogonoside, rhein, glycyrrhizic acid, and liquiritin apioside was reduced in influenza mice, but their elimination was slow. However, influenza infection has no obvious effect on the overall distribution of the most important components (baicalin, glycyrrhizic acid, wogonoside) in plasma or small intestine, but can obviously affect the distribution of baicalin in liver. In summary, seven components are rapidly distributed to various tissues, and influenza infection has certain influence on tissue distribution of JZOL.