Understanding the Immunologic Characteristics of Neurologic Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Immunological Mechanisms.
Soheil MohammadiFatemeh MoosaieMohammad Hadi AarabiPublished in: Molecular neurobiology (2020)
Similar to its predecessors, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibits neurotrophic properties, which lead to progression of neurologic sequelae. Besides direct viral invasion to the central nervous system (CNS), indirect CNS involvement through viral-mediated immune response is plausible. Aberrant immune pathways such as extreme release of cytokines (cytokine storm), autoimmunity mediated by cross-reactivity between CNS components and viral particles, and microglial activation propagate CNS damage in these patients. Here, we review the currently available evidence to discuss the plausible immunologic pathways that may contribute to the development of COVID-19 neurological complications, namely Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, seizure, and brainstem involvement.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- coronavirus disease
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- blood brain barrier
- multiple sclerosis
- immune response
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- prognostic factors
- peritoneal dialysis
- oxidative stress
- cerebral ischemia
- inflammatory response
- toll like receptor
- atrial fibrillation
- risk assessment
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- patient reported outcomes
- case report
- brain injury
- dendritic cells
- risk factors
- neuropathic pain
- patient reported
- mild cognitive impairment
- human health
- subarachnoid hemorrhage