Among seven testis-specific molecular markers, SPEM1 appears to have a significant clinical value for prediction of sperm retrieval in azoospermic men.

Among the seven markers, SPEM1 had the best positive prediction power (96%) and negative prediction power (85%) at a 0.086 cutoff with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 for receiver operating characteristic 4 (ROC) to predict the micro-TESE outcome.