A change of PD-1/PD-L1 expression on peripheral T cell subsets correlates with the different stages of Alzheimer's Disease.

Our results suggest that changes in PD-1/PD-L1-expressing T cells in AD patients' peripheral blood could be a potential biomarker for monitoring disease and shed light on the AD disease mechanism. Moreover, these findings indicate that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade treatment could be a novel choice to slow AD disease deterioration.