How Much Stereoscopic Effect Does Laparoscopy Need? Controlled, Prospective Randomized Trial on Surgical Task Efficiency in Standardized Phantom Tasks.

Considering laparoscopy, it does not seem advisable to enhance the stereo effect because of ergonomic problems. Otherwise, a miniaturization of the 3D scope (5 mm version) is problematic because its benefit mostly shrinks with the reduced stereo effect.